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After the
Polish uprising in Warsaw broke out on August 1, 1944, Hitler issued
orders to reduce the city to rubble and establish a fortress in its
place. Once the uprising was quelled, some of the city’s Polish
inhabitants were deported. In October-December 1944, the Germans
methodically destroyed many of Warsaw’s antiquities and
collections of cultural artifacts. The Soviet and Polish armies
began an offensive in early January 1945, and liberated tcity on
January 17. In the course of the German occupation, 685,000
residents of Warsaw were murdered, most of them Jews.
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