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Representatives
of the new German Republic signed a peace treaty in Versailles. The
accord forced Germany to admit its guilt for instigating the war; to
cede extensive territories in the west (to France), the east (to
Poland), and the north (to Denmark); to accept substantial
restrictions on the size of its armed forces; and to undertake to
pay large reparations to France. Large groups in Germany considered
these commitments a national humiliation that had to be reversed. A
subsequent treaty signed at Trianon of 1920 left Hungary one-third
of its prewar territory and two-fifths of its population, thus
fueling Hungarian discontent throughout the inter-war period.
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