Professor David Bankier

David Bankier is the Incumbent of the John Najmann Chair of Holocaust Studies and the Head of the International Institute for Holocaust Research – Yad Vashem.  He attended the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, where he earned his doctorate degree in Jewish history. A Lady Davis fellow, heads the Hebrew University of Jerusalem’s section for Studies in anti-Semitism and the Holocaust at the Institute for Contemporary Jewry.  Over the years, he has been visiting professor at universities in London, the United States, South Africa, and South America.

Prof. Bankier has worked on German society and Nazi anti-Semitism in 1933–1945. In recent years he has focussed his research on three main areas of research. In articles and lectures at scholarly conferences he has expounded on relations between Jews and non-Jews in occupied Europe, the interaction between propaganda and political mobilization during the war; and the position taken by German anti-Nazi exiles on the “Jewish question.”  He intends to publish a book on this topic.

Scholarly Publications

(a) Books
1- David Bankier (ed.), La emancipación judía. Antología de artículos en perspectiva histórica, The Magnes Press, Jerusalem 1983, 269 pp.
2- David Bankier (ed.), El Holocausto. Perpetradores, Víctimas, Testigos, The Magnes Press, Jerusalem 1986, 451 pp.
3- David Bankier (ed.), El sionismo y la cuestión palestina. Las percepciones de la confrontación, The Magnes Press, Jerusalem 1989, 335 pp.
4- David Bankier (co-ed.), Historia Viva. Memorias del Uruguay  y de Israel, Institute of Contemporary Jewry, Jerusalem 1989, 207 pp.
5- David Bankier, The Germans and the Final Solution. Public Opinion under Nazism, Basil Blackwell, Oxford  and Boston 1992, 19962, 20013, 206 pp.
6- David Bankier, Die öffentliche Meinung im Hitler-Staat. Die “Endlösung” und die Deutschen, Eine Berichtigung, Berlin Verlag, Berlin 1995, 299 pp.
7- David Bankier (ed.), Probing the Depths of German Antisemitism. German Society’s Responses to Nazi Antisemitism, Yad Vashem, Berghahn Books, New York and Oxford 2000, 20012,  585 pp.
8- David Bankier (co-ed.), The Holocaust. History and Memory, Yad Vashem and Institute of Contemporary Jewry, Jerusalem 2001, 369 pp.
9- David Bankier (co-ed.), The Holocaust. The Unique and the Universal, Yad Vashem and Institute of Contemporary Jewry, Jerusalem 1989, 207pp.
10- David Bankier (co-ed.), Nazi Europe and the Final Solution, Yad Vashem, Jerusalem 2003, 572 pp.
11-David Bankier (ed.), The Jews Are Coming back. The return of the Jews to their countries of origin after WWII,  Yad Vashem, Berghahn Books, New York and Oxford, 2005, 320 pp.
12- David Bankier (co-ed.), Historisches Handbuch der jüdischen Gemeinden in Niedersachsen und Bremen, Wallstein, Göttingen, 2004, 1888 pp.    

(b) Articles and Chapters in Collective Volumes
13- David Bankier, ‘Otto Strasser und die Judenfrage’, Bulletin des Leo Baeck Instituts, 60 (1981), pp. 3-20.
14- David Bankier, ‘The German Communist Party and Antisemitism in the Third Reich’, in, Yahadut Z’manenu, Contemporary Jewry. A Research Annual, 2 (1984), pp. 131-51 (in Hebrew with English Abstract)

15- David Bankier, ‘The “Jewish Question“ as a Focus of Conflict Between Trends of Institutionalization and Radicalization in the Third Reich 1934-1935’, in, Shmuel Ettinger (ed.), Nation and History. Studies in the History of the Jewish People, Mercaz Shazar, Jerusalem 1984, Vol. II, pp. 357-71 (in Hebrew).                           
16- David Bankier, ‘Leftist Opposition and the Jews in the Third Reich’, in, Moshe Zimmermann (ed.), Opposition to National Socialism, The Magnes  Press, Jerusalem 1986, pp. 94-120 (in Hebrew).
17- David Bankier, ‘Jewish Responses to Antisemitism in Europe (1840-1933)’, Unesco Yearbook on Peace and Conflict Studies, 7 (1986), pp. 61-85.  
18- David Bankier, ‘Exiles and Refugees: Jews and Germans in Argentina and Uruguay in the Forties’, in, Yahadut Z’manenu, Contemporary Jewry. A Research Annual, 4 (1987), pp. 253-68 (in Hebrew with English Abstract).

19- David Bankier, ‘The “Return of the Jews” in French Jansenism’, in, Shmuel Almog et al. (eds.), Israel and the Nations. Essays Presented in Honour of Shmuel Ettinger, The Historical Society of Israel and the Zalman Shazar Center for Jewish History, Jerusalem 1987, pp. 71-86 (in Hebrew with English Abstract).
20- David Bankier, ‘The German Communist Party and Nazi Antisemitism  1933-1938’, Yearbook of the Leo Baeck Institute, 32 (1987), pp. 325-40.
21- David Bankier, ‘Hitler’s Role in Shaping Policy on the Jewish Question and the Extermination Process’, in, Yalkut Moreshet, 45 (1988), pp. 149-70 (in Hebrew).

22- David Bankier, ‘Los exiliados alemanes en México y sus vínculos con la comunidad judía (1942-1945)’, in, Judaica Latinoamericana. Estudios histórico-sociales, Jerusalem 1988, pp. 79-89.
23- David Bankier, ‘Hitler and the Policy-Making Process on the  Jewish  Question’, Holocaust and Genocide Studies, 3 (1988), pp. 1-20.

24- David Bankier, ‘German Conservative Exiles Responses to Nazi Antisemitism’, in, Remembering for the Future. Jews and Christians during and after the Holocaust, Pergamon, Oxford 1988, pp. 18-31.
25- David Bankier, ‘Exiliados y refugiados del Nazismo en Sud America’, Estudios Migratorios Latinoamericanos, 11 (1989), pp. 49-60.
26- David Bankier, ‘Deutsch-jüdische Symbiose bis 1933 argentinisch-jüdische Symbiose bis 1950’, in, Hans-Uwe Erichsen (ed.), Lateinamerika und Europa im Dialog, Berlin 1989, pp. 213-23.

27- David Bankier, ‘Baum Group’, ‘Chamberlain Howard S.’, ‘Deutscher Vortrupp’, ‘Four Year Plan’, ‘Freemasons’, ‘Horst Wessel Song’, Leadership Principle’, ‘Lebensraum’, ‘Mischlinge’, ‘National Socialist German Worker’s Party’, ‘Nuremberg Laws’, ‘Reichsbund jüdischer Frontsoldaten’, ‘Weltsch Robert’, ‘Wiener Alfred’, in, Encyclopaedia of the Holocaust, Macmillan, New York 1989.
28- David Bankier, ‘Die Beziehungen zwischen deutschen jüdischen Flüchtlingen und deutschen politischen Exilierten in Südamerika, in, Achim Schrader & Karl Heinrich Rengstorf (eds.), Europäische Juden in Lateinamerika, Westfälische Wilhelmsuniversität Münster, St. Ingbert 1989, pp. 213-25.
29- David Bankier, ‘Changes in the Attitude of German Communism Towards Zionism in the Forties’, in, Yahadut Z’manenu, Contemporary Jewry. A Research Annual 6 (1990), pp. 277-92 (in Hebrew with English Abstract).

30- David Bankier, ‘The Germans and the Holocaust: What did they Know?’, Yad Vashem Studies, 20 (1990), pp. 69-98.              
31- David Bankier, ‘German Jewish Society through Nazi  Eyes 1933-1936’,  Holocaust and Genocide Studies, 6 (1991), pp. 111-27.
32- David Bankier, ‘Fluchtweg in die innere Emigration abgeschnitten. Reaktionen auf die Einführung des Gelben Sterns im Deutschen Reich’, in, Wolf Stegemann & S. Johanna Eichmann (eds.), Der Davidstern, Dokumentationszentrum fur Jüdische Geschichte und Religion, Dorsten 1991, pp. 122-31, 198.

33- David Bankier, ‘German Society and the Deportation of German Jews 1941-1943’,  Michael, 13 (1993), pp. 53-68.
34- David Bankier, ‘Los alemanes y el genocidio judío: conciencia, memoria y represión’, in, Beatriz Gurevich and Carlos Escudé (eds.), El Genocidio ante la Historia y la Condición Humana, Grupo editor de América Latina, Buenos Aires 1994, pp. 61-74.

35- David Bankier, ‘German Public Awareness of the Final Solution’,  in, David Cesarani (ed.), The Final Solution: Origins and Implementation, Routledge, London 1994, pp. 215-27.
36- David Bankier, ‘Warum “Die Endlösung” ein öffentliches Geheimnis war’, in, Ludmila Nesládková (ed.), Nisko 1939-1994. Der Fall Nisko in der Geschichte der Endlösung der Judenfrage, Faculta Philosophica Universitatis Ostraviensis, Ostrava 1995, pp. 78-91.
37- David Bankier, ‘Modernization and the Rationality of  Extermination’, Yad Vashem Studies, 24 (1995), pp. 109-31.
38- David Bankier, 'German Antinazi Exiles and the Jewish Question', in Edward Timms and Andrea Hammel (eds.), The German-Jewish Dilemma, From the Enlightenment to the Shoah, Lampeter, Wales, 1998, pp. 229-42.  
39- David Bankier, ‘The Use of Antisemitism in Nazi Wartime Propaganda’, in, Michael Berenbaum and Abraham J. Peck (eds.), The Holocaust and History: The Known, the Unknown, the Disputed, and the Reexamined, Indiana University Press, Bloomington, Indiana 1998, 41-55.
40- David Bankier, ‘Two Studies on the Holocaust”, Yahadut Z’manenu, Contemporary Jewry. A Research Annual, 13 (1999), pp. 283-93 (in Hebrew).

41- David Bankier, ‘La Solución Final en el discurso político del nazismo,’ Acta Sociológica, 26-27 (1999), pp. 181-97.
42- David Bankier, ‘Ostateczne rozwiązanie w nazistowskich śrdokach przekazu’, Midrasz, 12 (1999).
43- David Bankier, ‘German Social Democracy and Nazi Antisemitism,’ in, Oded Heilbronner (ed.), German Antisemitism, Am Oved, Tel Aviv, 2000, pp. 119-32 (in Hebrew).
44- David Bankier, ‘Ethos versus Expediency. German Social Democrats and the Jewish Question’, in, David Bankier (ed.), Probing the Depths of German Antisemitism. German Society’s Responses to Nazi Antisemitism, Berghahn Books, New York and Oxford, 2000, pp. 511-32.
45- David Bankier, ‘German Jewry’, in, Walter Laqueur (ed.), The Holocaust Encyclopaedia, Yale University Press, New Haven, 2001, 241-251. 
46- David Bankier, ‘The Rehabilitation of Germany After the Second World War and the Jewish Question’, Yalkut Moreshet, 71 (2001), pp. 11-23 (in Hebrew).

47- David Bankier, ‘Holocaust,’ Encyclopedia Encarta 2000, 21 pp.
48- David Bankier, ‘German Social Democrats in Face of European Jewry’s Holocaust,’ in, Shmuel Almog and al. (eds.), The Holocaust. The Unique and the Universal. Essays in Honor of Yehuda Bauer, Yad Vashem, Jerusalem, 2001, pp. 85-97(in Hebrew).
49- David Bankier, ‘Responses of Exiled German Socialists in the USA and the UK to the Holocaust,’ The Journal of Holocaust Education, 10/1 (2001), pp. 1-20.

50- David Bankier, ‘The Future of the Jews after Hitler,’ Lessons and Legacies. The Holocaust and Justice, 5 (2002), pp. 313-330.
51- David Bankier, ‘Was wussten die Deutschen vom Holocaust?,’ in, Beate Kosmala and Claudia Schoppmann (eds.), Solidarität und Hilfe für Juden während der NS-Zeit. Band 5, Ueberleben im Untergrund. Hilfe für Juden in Deutschland 1941-1945, Metropol, Berlin, 2002, pp. 63-88.

52- David Bankier, ‘The Nazis and the German Population: A Faustian Deal?’, Yad Vashem Studies, 30 (2002), pp. 427-436.
53- David Bankier, ‘Holocaust. Historisch’, in Hans Dieter Benz et al. (eds.), Religion in Geschichte und Gegenwart, 4th edition, J. C. B. Mohr, Tübingen 2001. 
54- David Bankier, ‘The Jews in Plans for Postwar Germany’, Jewish Political Studies Review, 14 (2002), pp. 57-68.

55- David Bankier, ‘The Imposed Guesswork. Nazi Propaganda and the Final Solution’, Dapim. Studies on the Shoah, 17 (2002), pp. 7-25 (in Hebrew).
56- David Bankier, ‘Signaling the Final Solution to the German People’, in David Bankier and Israel Gutman (eds.), Nazi Europe and the Final Solution, Yad Vashem, Jerusalem, 2003, pp. 15-39.
57- David Bankier, ‘The Secret and the Exposed in Nazi Wartime Propaganda,’ Dapim. Studies on the Shoah, 18 (2003), pp. 35-53 (in Hebrew).
58- David Bankier, ‘Final Solution,’ Encyclopedia Lamda, 2003, (forthcoming).

59- David Bankier, ‘Die deutsche Sozialdemokratie und der nationalsozialistische Antisemitismus, 1933-1938,’ (forthcoming).
60- David Bankier, ‘Post-War Plans for the Solution of the Jewish Question’, in Dan Michman (ed.), Essays in Honor of Zwi Bacharach, (forthcoming)

(c) Presentation of Papers at Conferences
61- David Bankier, ‘The Use of Antisemitism in Order to Revive Ideology and Mobilize the Masses in Nazi Germany’, Proceedings of the Eighth World Congress of Jewish Studies, Division B, Jerusalem 1982, pp. 195-200 (in Hebrew).
62- David Bankier, ’German Socialism and the Jewish Question,’ International Symposium, The Opposition to National Socialism, Jerusalem, March 1984.

63- David Bankier, 'Etude sur l'analyse de la lutte des juifs contre l'antisemitisme en Europe', International Symposium, Different Interpretations of the Causes and Consequences of Conflicts, Institutt for Fredsforskning, Oslo, August 1985.
64- David Bankier, ‘El movimiento Alemania Libre y la comunidad judía de México’,  Proceedings of the Nineth World Congress of Jewish Studies, Jerusalem 1986, Division B, Volume III, pp. 329-336.
65- David Bankier, 'The Reaction of the Opposition to Nazism to the Plight of the Jews', Seventh Yad Vashem Conference, European Jewry in the Face of Fascism and Nazism, Jerusalem, October, 1989.

66- David Bankier, ‘New Perspectives on the Responses to the Holocaust’, International Conference, Fascism, National Socialism, Antisemitism and the Holocaust. Links, Interactions and Differences, Bar Ilan University, January 1990.
67- David Bankier, ‘The reactions to the yellow badge in Germany’, Proceedings of the Tenth World Congress of Jewish Studies, Jerusalem 1990, Division B, Volume II, pp. 395-402.
68- David Bankier, ‘Der Holocaust zwischen Bewusstheit und Verdrängung’, International Symposium, Pädagogik nach Auschwitz, Bergen, Germany,  November 1992.

69- David Bankier, ‘The Use of Antisemitism in Nazi Wartime Propaganda,’ The Holocaust of European Jewry: Research and Perspectives, Jerusalem, February 1993.
70- David Bankier, ‘The Jewish Question in the Last Years of the Third Reich,’ Israeli Historians and German History, Jerusalem, March 1993.
71- David Bankier, ‘The Unkept Secret,’ International Conference,The Holocaust: On the Known, the Unknown, the Disputed and Reexamined, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, USA, December 1993.
72- David Bankier, ‘Die Endlösung als öffentliches Geheimnis,’ International Conference, Der Fall Nisko in der Geschichte der “Endlösung der Judenfrage”, University of Ostrava, Czech Republic, October 1994.
73- David Bankier, ‘German Antinazi Exiles and the Jewish Question,’  International Conference, The German Jewish Dilemma, University of Sussex, March 1995. 
74- David Bankier, ‘The Weimar Left and its Relation to the Jews,’ International Conference, Rethinking German Antisemitism, Jerusalem, November 1996.
75- David Bankier, ‘German Emigrés' Reactions to Nazi Antisemitism,’ International Conference, German Society’s Responses to Nazi Anti-Jewish Policy, Jerusalem, February 1997.  
76- David Bankier, ‘Divergence within Common Fate,’ International Conference, The Culture and Politics of the Diaspora, Sydney, February 1998.

77- David Bankier, ‘The Future of the Jews after Hitler,’ International Conference, Lessons and Legacies V. Law, Evidence and Context, Atlantic University, Boca Raton, November 1998.
78- David Bankier, ‘The SAP and the Question of Palestine,’ International Conference, Germany and Zionism, Jerusalem, December 1998.  
79- David Bankier, ‘The Impact of the Holocaust on the anti-Nazi Opposition,’ International Conference, New Records – New Perspectives World War II, the Holocaust, the Middle East, and the Rise of the State of Israel, Jerusalem-Tel Aviv, December 1998.

80- David Bankier, ‘The Jews in the German Political Discourse during the Third Reich’, International Conference, Revolution and the Making of Modern Political Identity, Tel Aviv University, January 1999.
81- David Bankier, ’Deutsches Widerstand in Exil zur Judenfrage,’ Erinnerung an den Widerstand, Shloss Elmau, Bavaria, July 1999.
82- David Bankier, ‘How was the Final Solution signaled to the German Population,’ International Conference, Europe Under Nazi Rule and the Holocaust, University of Warsaw, August/September 1999.
83- David Bankier, ‘Antisemitism in the Nazis’ Linguistic Construction,’ International Symposium, Military War Crimes --  History and Memory, New School for Social Research, New York, December 1999.
84- David Bankier, ‘Methodological Remarks on the Victims’ Perspective,’ Workshop,  New Perspectives in Holocaust Research’, Albert-Ludwigs Universität, Freiburg, May 2000.

85- David Bankier, ‘Kenntnisse vom Holocaust und Auswirkungen des NS-Terrors’, Scientific Conference Retten und Überleben in Deutschland 1933-1945. Datenerhebung und historische Forschung, Bad Homburg, May 2001.
86- David Bankier, ‘Zionism and Communism among German émigrés in Latin America, Symposium, German Presence in Latin America, Tel Aviv University, February 2002.
87- David Bankier, ‘The Final Solution in the Press and on the Screen,’ International Conference, Nationalsozialistischer Antisemitismus: Probleme und Perspektiven, Fritz Bauer Institut, Frankfurt, April 2002.  
88- David Bankier, ‘The Attitude of the Anti-Nazi Opposition – A Comparative Analysis’, Symposium, The Jews Under the National-Socialist Regime, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, May 2002. 
89- David Bankier, ‘Words and Meaning in the Nazi Discourse’ International Workshop, Current Researches on Nazi Europe and the Holocaust, Institut d’histoire du temps présent (CNRS) Paris, September 2002.
90- David Bankier, ‘German Communism, the Jewish Question and the Zionist Solution, 1933-1945, in the Light of American Intelligence Records,’ International Conference, Intelligence and the Holocaust, New School of Social Research, New York, June 2003.
91- David Bankier, ‘Public Opinion, Weltanschauung and the Persecution of the Jews in Germany,’ Academy colloquium, The destruction of European Jewry: structures, motivations, opportunities,  Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, December 2003.
92- David Bankier, ‘Divergence and common fate,’ International Conference, The Holocaust in Hungary 60 Years Later: A European Perspective, Budapest, April 2004.

c- Additional Minor Publications
93- David Bankier, ‘The Germans and the Holocaust’, Jewish Quarterly 37, 3 (Fall 1990) 7-11.
94- David Bankier,  ‘German Public Opinion and the Nazi Party, 1925-1932’, Bishvil Hazikaron 10 (1996), pp. 8-10 (in Hebrew).
95- David Bankier, Foreign Policy, Political Radicalization and Antisemitism, Bishvil Hazikaron 30 (1998), pp. 4-7 (in Hebrew).
96- David Bankier, ‘El antisemitismo contemporáneo’, Nuestra Memoria 14 (1999), pp. 21-23.
97- David Bankier, ‘La Funcionalidad del Negacionismo’, in, Confederación de Asociaciones Israelitas de Venezuela (ed.), Lo imprescriptible y lo imperdonable, Caracas, 2001, pp. 25-29.
98- David Bankier, ‘El impacto del discurso en el totalitarismo nazi’, Nuestra Memoria 19 (2001), pp. 31-32.
99- David Bankier, ‘Namen und Individuen,’ in Sibylle Quack (ed.), Auf dem Weg zur Realisierung. Das Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas und der Ort der Information, Stuttgart and Munich, 2002, 221-225.
100- David Bankier, ‘La Shoa y los genocidios del siglo XX,’ Nuestra Memoria 20 (2002), pp. 15-16.
101- David Bankier, ‘Wartime Views on Jew in Post-War Europe: A Cool Reception at Best,’ in, Manfed Gerstenfeld (ed.), Europe Crumbling Myths. The Post-Holocaust Origins of Today’s Antisemitism, Jerusalem, 2004, pp. 93-101.

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