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In this lesson, you learn about the ghettos established throughout Nazi Europe and study primary sources from the Lodz ghetto in Poland.

For more information about the Lodz ghetto, as well as other ghettos established during the Holocaust, click here.

In this lesson, you meet Joseph Morton. To learn about the fate of Zisle Mortkowitz, Joseph’s mother, during the Holocaust, click here.

Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Entrance to the Ghetto
Checiny, Poland, Abraham Ring with Members of the Judenrat in the Ghetto
Kovno, Lithuania, Dr. Elchanan Elkes, Head of the Judenrat, in His Office
Kovno, Lithuania - Children on the Street in the Ghetto
Krakow, Poland, On the Bridge Leading to the Ghetto
Lodz, Poland, Policemen in the Ghetto
Lodz, Poland, Rumkowski Blessing a Bride and Groom
Lodz, Poland, Street Scene in the Ghetto
Lodz, Poland, Awaiting Deportation
Lodz, Poland, 1941, Chaim Mordechai Rumkowski with Graduates from the Gymnasium (high school)
Lublin, Poland, Deportation of Jews to the Ghetto
Lvov, Poland, Seven Judenrat Members Executed Simultaneously by Hanging
Poland, 1940, A Jew in a Ghetto
Theresienstadt, Czechoslovakia, Children Donning the Jewish Badge
Children in the Theresienstadt Ghetto
Men Playing Chess in the Theresienstadt Ghetto
Children in the Theresienstadt Ghetto
Vilna,Lithuania, Members of the Judenrat
Warsaw Ghetto, Poland, September 19, 1941, Two Starving Women on a Rickshaw
Warsaw, Poland, Building the Ghetto Wall
Warsaw, Poland - Children Sitting on the Pavement Soliciting Alms
Warsaw, Poland, September 19, 1941, A Woman Selling Armbands in the Ghetto
Warsaw, Poland, A Sign Reading: "Typhus - Entrance and Exit Forbidden" 
Warsaw, Poland, Food Distribution
Warsaw, Poland, Jews Being Transported in Trucks to Forced Labor Outside the Ghetto
An American Newspaper Announces the Establishment of the Warsaw Ghetto, December 17, 1940
Adam Czerniakow, Head of the Warsaw Ghetto

Documents

The Ghetto Jews as Labor Force – A Report by Hans Biebow
Prayer Recited in One of the Lodz Ghetto Synagogues
The Deterioration of the Physical Condition of the Ghetto Jews
Address by Rumkowski to the Officials of the Judenrat in Lodz
Rumkowski's Address at the Time of the Deportation of the Children from the Lodz Ghetto, September 4, 1942
Notes by a Jewish Observer in the Lodz Ghetto Following the Deportation of the Children
Letter from Arthur Greiser, Gauleiter and Governor of the Wartheland, to Oswald Pohl, Concerning the Fate of the Lodz Ghetto, February 14, 1944
Report by Freidrich Uebelhoer on the Establishment of the Ghetto in Lodz, Poland, December 10, 1939
From the Diary of Josef Zelkowicz on Rumkowski’s Response to the Carpenters Strike in the Lodz Ghetto
A Poster Protesting Rumkowski’s Policy Toward Hard Laborers in the Lodz Ghetto

Artifacts

 Online Exhibitions

“I Completely Forgot That I Was Hungry”: Youth Groups in the Lodz Ghetto
Photographs from the Warsaw Ghetto
Bar Mitzvah in Theresienstadt
"No Child’s Play"
Between Walls and Fences
Pavel Fantl - Art in Theresienstadt
 

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