<< Lesson 5  

 Lesson 7 >>

Key Words

Encyclopedia

Photographs

Documents

Artifacts

Online Exhibitions

In this lesson, you learn about the many forms of Jewish resistance efforts during the Holocaust. You also consider the risks of resisting Nazi domination.

For more information on Jewish resistance efforts during the Holocaust click on the following links:
  Resistance efforts in the Vilna ghetto
  Resistance efforts in the Kovno ghetto
  Armed resistance in the Sobibor camp
  Resistance efforts in Auschwitz-Birkenau
  Organized resistance efforts in the Krakow ghetto:
      - Krakow (encyclopedia)
      - Krakow (historical background)
  Mordechai Anielewicz
  Josip Broz Tito
  Marek Edelman
  Zvia Lubetkin
  Rosa Robota
  Hannah Senesh

In this lesson, you meet Helen Fagin. Learn more about Helen's family members who perished during the Holocaust by clicking on the pages of testimony identified with a .

For more information about Jan Karski, click here.

In this lesson, you meet Vladka Meed. Learn more about Vladka's family members who perished during the Holocaust by clicking on the pages of testimony identified by a  .

Abba Kovner
Amsterdam, The Netherlands, School Children Wearing Jewish Badges 
Kovno, Lithuania, January 1944; Chaim Yellin, Yiddish Writer and One of the Heads of the Jewish Communist Underground in the Ghetto
Kovno, Lithuania, Members of the Jewish Underground in the Ghetto
Kovno, Lithuania, Two Men, Members of the Underground, in the Ghetto
Kovno, Lithuania, The Slogan “Iden Nekama” (Jews-Revenge!), Written in Blood on a Wall
Pechersky Alexander, Head of the Rebellion in Sobibor
Theresienstadt, Czechoslovakia, A Production of the Opera "Brundibar"
Rudolf Masarek, One of the Main Leaders of the Revolt in the Treblinka Camp in 1943
Poland, Zivia Lubetkin, One of the Leaders of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
Janusz Korczak with Some Orphans from His Institution
Yitzhak Zuckerman (Antek), One of the Organizers of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
Mordecai Anielewicz, Commander of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
Arrest of Jews after Their Forceful Removal from a Bunker, Warsaw, Poland, 1943
Warsaw Ghetto, Poland, Jews Jumping from Windows in Order to Avoid Surrendering to the Germans during the Repression of the Uprising 
Digging the "Oneg Shabat" Archive, Postwar, Warsaw, Poland
Portrait of Emanuel Ringelblum
Warsaw, Poland, November, 1941, The Front Page of the 4th Issue of El-Al, a Jewish Newspaper
 Warsaw, Poland, Boxes and Jugs in Which the Ringelblum Archives Were Concealed
Warsaw Ghetto, Poland, A Man in a Prayer Shawl at a Circumcision Ceremony
Warsaw, Poland, People around a Seder Table in the Ghetto, Reading from the Passover Haggadah
Warsaw Ghetto, Poland, People Sitting at the Sabbath Table. Shabbat Candles are on the Table
Westerbork, The Netherlands, A School in the Camp
Westerbork, The Netherlands, Lighting Hannukah Candles

The Importance of Cultural Activity in the Vilna Ghetto
Jewish Self-Help in Warsaw, July 1940
Prayer Recited in One of the Lodz Ghetto Synagogues
The Discussion on Fighting Aims by the Activists of the Bialystok Ghetto, February 27, 1943
Last Letter from Mordecai Anielewicz, April 1943
Report on the Warsaw Ghetto Revolt by the Polish Press
Calls For an Armed Struggle Made by the Jewish Resistance in the Warsaw Ghetto
 A Polish Newspaper Report on the Revolt at Treblinka and the Escape of 2800 Jews
The Revolt at the Sobibor Extermination Camp
Appeal of the Jewish Fighting Organization to the Polish Underground, Asking for Arms
Evidence of Jewish Escapees From the Ninth Fort in Kovno on the Burning of the Bodies
SS General Juergen Stroop on the Battles in the Warsaw Ghetto Revolt, Final Report from the German, Battle Diary, April-May 1943
Extract From Josef Goebbels Diary on the Warsaw Ghetto Revolt
Proclamation by the F.P.O. Calling for a Revolt in Vilna, September 1, 1943
Address by Jacob Gens, Head of the Vilna Ghetto, at the Meeting of Brigadiers, Supervisors and Policemen, on the Danger of Bringing Arms into the Ghetto, May 15, 1943

Artifacts

“Contact” Ring Used as a Sign Between the ZZW Jewish Militia Organization in the Warsaw Ghetto, and the Polish Underground Organization Who Assisted Them from Outside the Walls of the Ghetto
The Ringelblum Box
A Jewish Underground Flag in Belgium
Raphael Alsberg's Typewriter That Was Used to Forge Certificates to Save Members of the Jewish Underground in Holland
Violin Used to Smuggle Explosives. The Violin Belonged to a Jewish Child Mothila Shlein who Played It in the Forests of Vohlin Amongst the Partisans
A Pamphlet of HACHALUTZ HALOCHEM (Jewish Resistance Movement)
The Warsaw Ghetto Underground Newspaper Camouflaged in a Polish Book-Cover
A Morse Machine Used by the Jewish Partisans in Zorin's Unit in Minsk

Your feedback on this Echoes and Reflections section of our Web site is important to us. To send us your comments, click here.

▲ top