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Part II: The Displaced Persons' Camps
By the end of 1945, many Jews who had survived forced labor camps, concentration camps, extermination camps, and death marches either did not want to go home or had no homes left. Thus, many survivors congregated in Displaced Persons' (DP) camps located in central Europe controlled by the Allies. Many people in the DP camps married and had children. They set up educational institutions, published more than 70 Jewish newspapers, initiated commemoration projects, and even established theaters and orchestras.
Testimony 9
Eliezer Adler was born in 1923 in Belz, Poland. He spent most of WWII in a forced labor camp in the Soviet Union. After the war Eliezer spent three years in DP camps. He recalls:
"...This issue of the rehabilitation of She'arit Hapleta ("surviving remnant"), the Jews' desire to live, is unbelievable. People got married; they would take a hut and divide it into ten tiny rooms for ten couples. The desire for life overcame everything - in spite of everything I am alive, and even living with intensity.
When I look back today on those three years in Germany I am amazed. We took children and turned them into human beings, we published a newspaper; we breathed life into those bones. The great reckoning with the Holocaust? Who bothered about that... you knew the reality, you knew you had no family, that you were alone, that you had to do something. You were busy doing things. I remember that I used to tell the young people: Forgetfulness is a great thing. A person can forget, because if they couldn't forget they couldn't build a new life. After such a destruction to build a new life, to get married, to bring children into the world? In forgetfulness lay the ability to create a new life... somehow, the desire for life was so strong that it kept us alive…"
Source
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Additional Resources
Historical Overview
Immediately after liberation, West European Jews who
survived the Holocaust generally returned to their countries
of origin, whereas Jews from Eastern Europe streamed
to Displaced Persons' (DP) camps in the zones of Europe
that were occupied by the Allies. Soon, thousands more
Polish, Soviet, Czechoslovakian, Hungarian, and Romanian
Jews who had tried to go home began to flee westward
to the DP camps, when they realized that nothing was
left for them in Eastern Europe. By the end of 1946,
there were approximately 250,000 Jewish DPs-185,000
in Germany, 45,000 in Austria, and 20,000 in Italy.
With the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948,
two-thirds of the Jewish DPs in Europe emigrated to
Israel. The remainder moved to the United States, Australia
and Canada, where immigration quotas had loosened during
the late 1940s. The last Jewish DP camp in Germany closed
in 1953.
For more information
on DP camps, click
here
Photographs from DP camps
The DP camp orchestra, with Moshe Abramovitz (left)
playing trumpet, Rivoli,Torino, Italy, 1948
A reading room in the 'Beit Bialik' Camp, Salzburg,
Austria
The camp's boxing team, Landsberg, Germany, 1947
The joint wedding of ten couples at a Zionist Hachshara
(Aliya training camp), Athens, Greece, 1946
A child bathing in a tub at the Franz Joseph Kaserne
DP Camp, Salzburg, Austria
A kindergarten at the DP camp, Bergen-Belsen, Germany,
1946
A kindergarten in a DP camp, Salzburg, Austria
Eliezer
Adler was born in 1923 in Belz, Poland. He spent most
of WWII in a forced labor camp in the Soviet Union.
Most of his family was murdered during the Holocaust
in Poland. After the war Eliezer returned to Poland,
and from there he traveled to DP camps in American-occupied
Germany. He spent three years in DP camps.
For information
on Poland, click
here
For information
on the Holocaust in the Soviet Union, click
here
For information
on the DP camps, click
here
Classroom
Discussion Questions
Why do you think
survivors married and had children immediately after
the Holocaust?
What was the significance
of establishing families?
Do you think the
weddings in the DP camps were different from weddings
before the war began? Explain your answer.
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Copyright ©2005
Yad Vashem The Holocaust Martyrs' and Heroes' Remembrance Authority
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